Barang-barang perhiasan

Barang-barang perhiasan merujuk pada orang hiasan tahan uji pada orang mereka. Hiasan ini dipakai untuk penghiasan dan terbuat secara umum dari email, logam-mulia atau batu permata .Jewellery merujuk pada permata bekas untuk pribadi memakai dan kadang-kadang permata malah menghiasi arloji, idola dan mahkota.

Barang-barang perhiasan kata berasal dari permata kata, yang ialah anglicized dari kata Perancis joule yang pada gilirannya memimpin kembali ke bahasa Latin kata jocale yang berarti mainan.

Lebih sering daripada tidak, barang-barang perhiasan dipakai sepribadi tahan uji untuk penghiasan, dan barang-barang perhiasan juga mempunyai agama dan gaip nilai khususnya di daerah pedesaan India. Beberapa rata memakai barang-barang perhiasan untuk keberuntungan baik. Barang-barang perhiasan bagi beberapa adalah juga lambang kekayaan dan status. Barang-barang perhiasan dipakai untuk sejumlah sebab, yaitu sebagai mata uang, kekayaan terpajang, penyimpanan, atau secara fungsionil seperti yang menjabat, menyematkan dan melengkung. Barang-barang perhiasan juga dipakai sebagai perlindungan, di bentuk azimat dan sal gaip, atau seartistik memperlihatkan.

Barang-barang perhiasan dibuat dari berbagai macam bahan dan terdapat di yang lebih tidak tak mahal, seperti perhiasan imitasi, hingga yang paling mahal, yang terbuat dari emas, logam-mulia dan gemstones. Perhiasan imitasi yang lebih tidak tak mahal umumnya masal menghasilkan dan dapat diberi.
Barang-barang perhiasan yang berharga secara umum terbuat dari emas, platina campuran, intan dan perak. Yang lebih tidak tak mahal terbuat dari kaca, kayu, sering mengukir dan berpaling, kerang, bahan hewani seperti tulang dan tanah liat alami yang kuning gading dan plastik pun. Manik-manik sering dipakai di barang-barang perhiasan. Manik-manik mungkin terbuat dari kaca, gemstones, logam, kayu, kerang dan tanah liat.

Munculnya barang-barang perhiasan menghubungkan jauh kembali ke waktu kuno waktu, kerikil, tulang, buah dan bulu terbiasa dengan baik pakaian palka bersama, atau untuk menembus people’s telinga, bibir dan hidung dengan benda seperti itu. Barang-barang perhiasan semula dibuat dari gading, kayu dan logam. Sebagai awal sebagai 3500 S.M., emas juga dipakai oleh pemanasan itu dan mencairkannya di atas api. Sesudah itu, perak, tembaga dan perunggu juga bekas. Pada 2000 S.M. orang Mesir kuno mulai memakai batu batu permata juga.

Barang-barang perhiasan modern adalah industri bermacam-macam. Gerak-gerik Barang-barang Perhiasan Modern mulai di terlambat 1940s di akhir World War II. The gerak-gerik diperhatikan dengan karya George Jensen .New bahan seperti plastik, tanah liat logam-mulia dan teknik warna berbeda menyebabkan jenis di gaya. Yang terlambat ke-20 abad melihat mencampurkan pola Eropa dengan pola Timur. Bentuk sudah mencampurkan dunia lebih, dari kebudayaan berbeda dalam periode berbeda waktu.

Sejarah barang-barang perhiasan bisa dilacak daerah bijaksana dan periode bijaksana. Untuk pemahaman yang lebih mudah, yang ini sudah disusan menurut golongan menurut daerah/periode di bawah

1.Early History
2.Egypt
3.Mesopotamia
4.Greece
5.Rome
6.Middle Ages
7.India
8.America
9.Pacific
10.China
11.Africa

1.Early History

The first signs of jewellery came from the Cro Magnons, ancestors of Homo Sapiens around 40000 years ago. Pre historic jewellery consisted of crude necklaces and bracelets. The jewellery pieces were made of bone, animal sinew and pieces of carved bone used to secure clothing together. In some cases, jewellery had shell and mother of pearl pieces. Carved bracelets made of ivory and copper pieces have also been found.

2.Egypt

The first signs of jewellery making in ancient Egypt was around 3000 to 5000 years ago. Egyptians preferred gold over other metals. Jewellery in Egypt symbolized power and religious sentiments of the community. Ancient Egyptians wore jewellery from a variety of gemstones in jewellery such as bracelets, brooches, head dresses, pendants and rings. They believed gems have magical powers and bring good luck. Jewellery was also made from glass, tin oxide based earthenware and enamel. Egyptians also included jewellery in tombs. Egyptian jewellery was made in large workshops attached to temples and palaces.

3.Mesopotamia

Jewellery in Mesopotamia was made of thin metal leaf, and was set with brightly coloured stones, mainly agate, lapis, carnelian and jasper. Shapes of jewellery included leaves, spirals, cones and bunches of grapes. Jewellery included work for personal use as well as for adorning statues and idols. Expert metal working techniques such as filigree, engraving and fine granulation were found.

4.Greece

The Greeks started using gold and gems in jewellery in 1400 BC and they valued metalwork. Greek jewellery featured filigree, and lacelike decorations made by twisting fine wires of gold and silver into patterns. Jewellery makers made two different styles of pieces, cast pieces and pieces made out of sheet metal Jewellery in Greece was mostly used for public appearances or on special occasions. Jewellery in Greece was given as gifts and predominantly worn by women to show their wealth, status and beauty.

5.Rome

Romans often used gems in their jewellery. They used gold settings and precious stones and they wore gems in rings. The most common artifact of early Rome was the brooch which used to secure clothing together. Romans used gold, bronze, bone, glass, beads and pearl. They imported Srilankan sapphires and Indian diamonds and used emeralds and amber in their jewellery. Early Italians also worked on crude gold, and created clasps, necklaces, earrings and bracelets.

6.Middle Ages

Post Roman Europe continued to develop jewellery making skills, especially the Celts and the Merovingians. Clothing fasteners, amulets, signets were the common pieces known at this time. The Celts specialized in continuous patterns and designs, and the Merovignian designs are best known for stylized animal figures. Visigothic work, and cloisonné and garnet are famous works of the Middle Ages.

7.India

The Indian subcontinent has a continuous legacy of jewellery making. The first to start jewellery making were people of the Indus Valley Civilisation. They created gold earrings, necklaces, bead necklaces and metallic bangles. Bead trade in the Indus Valley region was most common. The bead maker would buy a rough stone and place it in the hot oven till it became deep red. The red stone would be chipped to the right size, and painted with designs. Complex jewellery soon replaced simple jewellery, and necklaces were soon adorned with gems and greenstone. India was the first country to mine diamonds. Jewellery making and designs and traditions are passed down to the children and family, and jewellery is commonplace in India during ceremonies and weddings. Anklets, bracelets, and rings for the nose and toes are popular in India.

8.America

Jewellery developed in America about 5000 years ago, in Central and South America. Large amounts of gold were easily accessible and the Aztecs and the Mayans created numerous works in the metal. The Aztecs used jewellery for status and in sacrifices to appease the gods. The Mayans made beautiful jewellery from jade, gold, silver, bronze and copper. The Mayans also traded in precious gems, and made jewels out of bone and stone. In North America, native Americans used shells, wood, turquoise and soapstone. American jewellery pre dominates the Modern Jewellery Movement.

9.Pacific

Jewellery making in the Pacific started later than in other areas. Early Pacific jewellery was made of bone, wood and other natural materials. Most Pacific jewellery is worn above the waist, with head dresses, necklaces, hairpins, arms and waist belts. Opal gemstones are used in Australian jewellery. Tribal jewellery still exists on some of the islands.

10.China

Jewellery became popular in China during the Song dynasty. The Chinese favoured silver, enamel, feathers and jade. Jade was often carved and polished, and combined with metal. Chinese jewellery is delicate and elaborate, and often takes the form of ornate headdresses. Chinese use silver, blue gems and glass. Earrings and amulets are used with the Chinese symbol or dragon. Chinese also place jewellery in their graves.

11.Africa

African craftworkers have used local materials, such as bone, coloured feathers, ivory, wood, and sometimes metals to make colourful ornaments. Necklaces of shells and seeds, studs of ivory or bone for the lobes of the ears and bronze bangles are popular in Africa.