Screening of New Product Ideas
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Screening of New Product Ideas

Produk, pembaharuan produk, produk baru, gagasan produk baru, memasarkan, penjualan, memasarkan pimpinan, pimpinan produk

Produk baru bisa terdapat dari banyak sumber dan lewat bermacam-macam perseorangan dengan latar belakang yang berbeda secara luas. Kami bisa, tetapi, berpikir di syarat-syarat sebanyak tiga kategori utama, sebagai berikut:
1. Produk berkembang untuk mengisi 'celah' dikenal di tingkat nada produk yang sudah ada yang ada untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dikenal. Contoh akan menjadi perkembangan sungguh-sungguh yang sekarang ini pergi ke barang hasil bumi mobil yang dijalankan dengan aki yang dapat diterima, untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran yang ditimbulkan di samping mesin pembakaran dalam dan untuk mencapai penggunaan bahan bakar fosil yang lebih ekonomis.
2. Produk yang timbul dari penelitian ilmiah mungkin dipersembahkan semula sampai akhir yang cukup berbeda, atau dari penelitian 'murni' di pengejaran pengetahuan dengan tak ada akhir komersial di semua di pandangan. Satu contoh terkenal adalah penisilin ,nya efek terlebih dulu dilihat dengan kecelakaan selama sepenelitian banyak cetakan berbeda. Lain ialah teflon-melapisi alat memasak, 'putaran-dari' dari penelitian ke dalam bahan tahan panas untuk program angkasa AS.
3. Gagasan kreatif dengan tak ada asal yang sangat logis. Ini jajaran dari teknik pecah-lewat menyimpang pendekatan ortodoks (mesin jet, hovercraft) ke lebih sepele dan lebih tidak tak teknik tetapi gagasan yang berguna namun, seperti gorengan oven-siap Perancis, semak berbunga yang bertanaman siap untuk 'berkebun seketika', dan self-perkumpulan 'menabrak di bawah' mebel. Secara umum berkata, tentu saja, adalah produk yang adalah perkembangan yang sudah ada yang timbul dari penelitian marketplace dan teknologi baru yang menimbulkan produk dengan tinggi kebaruan. Viewdata (Teletext) informasi yang ditunjukkan di atas layar TELEVISI rumah masih sampai suatu tingkat 'produk di pencarian keperluan' dan ada banyak produk yang 'berteknologi canggih' di situasi mirip.

Menemukan Celah di Pasar

Tujuan di sini akan mengenali keperluan di pasar dan lalu merasakan produk mengisinya. Ada tiga pendekatan utama, sebagai berikut:
1. Periksa pasar lain. Simpan mata dekat di pasar internasional. Jika produk laris di AS mempunyai kesempatan adil juga berhasil dalam negara lain. Banyak produk sekarang didirikan di pasar terlebih dulu dibangun di Amerika Serikat, termasuk pena titik bola, aerosol menyembur, kartu kredit dan 'jari-lickin' baik Kentucky Fried Chicken.
2. Bagian pasar. Karena orang tidak mempunyai pilihan identik, tak mungkin bahwa satu produk betul-betul akan memuaskan tiap orang. Produk baru yang mendapat sebagian pasar besar Mei oleh karena itu menyarankan kemungkinan sejumlah bagian pasar. Dengan begitu kopi bubuk semula dipasarkan dengan satu rasa, yang cukup dapat diterima kepada kebanyakan orang; sekarang kami memahami perkembangan istimewa mencampurkan — lunak, pahit dan semacamnya — untuk cocok bagi kelompok-kelompok orang yang lebih kecil bersiap membayar harga premi untuk mendapatkan sesuatu yang cocok bagi citarasa pribadi mereka lebih akrab daripada rasa 'standar'.
3. Gap analysis. This is a rather complex technique of examining products on the basis of how people view them — what people 'think' they are. For example, if people viewed all existing chocolate bars as crunchy, but said they preferred a soft bar, then a gap might exist for a new chocolate bar brand promoted as 'the soft one'.

Scientific Development

Achieving new products this way is a question either of a company maintaining its own research and development team or of it keeping closely in touch with development teams in universities, research establishments and worldwide publications carrying reports of technological development. The former method is much the more expensive, but can be more directly applied to the areas in which the company is interested.

Producing Creative Ideas

The previous two categories both rely on some kind of systematic search. But the creative approach is almost by definition not systematic. Here we are looking for a new departure rather than a logical development from what already exists. The main technique used to achieve this is known as 'brainstorming'. The essence of this approach is to assemble a group of people, preferably with widely different attitudes and backgrounds, and then encourage them to 'spark off' and produce a stream of ideas. In order to encourage the maximum number of new thoughts the following 'rules of the game' are applied:
1. All ideas are written down;
2. Negatives are ruled out; even obviously idiotic ideas must be allowed to stand, because they may suggest others;
3. No critical analysis is applied until after the brainstorming session.
Once the ideas are all recorded, they can be sorted critically and further consideration given to those that look promising.

The Business Analysis of New Product Ideas

Far too many ideas have money spent on their development simply because they do seem to be good ideas, that is to say they appeal to someone, who then becomes committed to them. Two main reasons for a vast proportion of new product failures can be pointed out:
1. Reluctance to terminate a project once a relatively early stage has been passed, and
2. Corporate arrogance — either simply about the product's quality or about the company's ability to use its 'marketing power' to sell an inferior product.'
The best way to avoid this temptation is to ask at a very early stage what is the likelihood of adequate profits accumulating if the product is successfully developed and launched? Crucial questions will include the following:
1. What is the likely demand and at what price?
2. Can the product be manufactured and distributed at a cost that will fit the price/demand situation and also yield a suitable profit?
3. What will be the yield of capital and manpower invested in this way as against the comparable return from alternative ways of employing the resources? (In economic language, what is the opportunity cost?)
Published: 2007-04-29
Author: Martin Hahn


product, product innovation, new products, new product ideas, marketing, sales, marketing management, product management
About the author or the publisher
Martin Hahn PhD has received his education and degrees in Europe in organizational/industrial sociology. He grew up in South-East Asia and moved to Europe to get his tertiary education and gain experience in the fields of scientific research, radio journalism, and management consulting.

After living in Europe for 12 years, he moved to South-East again and has worked for the last 12 years as a management consultant, university lecturer, corporate trainer, and international school administrator

www.martin-hahn.net

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