Jauh Itali dulu biasa

Waktu dan sejarah, untuk sifat dasar mereka sebagai ilmu pasti,
Keseluruhan tanpa larutan kesinambungan dan sub-bagian yang mana pun pada periode adalah kelicikan manusiawi. Tetapi, sub-bagian peristiwa pada periode atau era berguna di sejarah untuk mencoba untuk mengerti. Sebagai titik terakhir referensi selama periode kuno secara umum dianggap sebagai jatuhnya Roma di 476: tanggal ini kemudian adalah akibatnya untuk menjadi juga permulaan Setengah Umur yang ditutup, selalu secara simbolik di 1453 dengan jatuhnya Constantinopoli dan Bisanzio Empire. Di titik ini kami secara resmi bisa memulai Renaisans Itali, sedangkan untuk yang Eropa kami mesti menunggu dari beberapa dasawarsa sampai seabad, dengan sikap berbeda bergantung dari Negara Bagian dan subyek belajar.

Tetapi, terlebih dulu semua Renaisans adalah apa?

Renaisans kebudayaan dan artistik periode sejarah Eropa, ditempatkan antara akhir Setengah Umur dan permulaan Umur Modern, secara konvensional diperbaiki di seluruh tengah-tengah XV dan tengah-tengah XVI abad. Periode ini sudah memahami permulaan idaman baru kehidupan dan marak baru penelitian humanistis dan seni murni.
Yang kebudayaan dan memulai lagi ilmiah yang dimulai selama XV abad di Itali, di mana satu utama pusat adalah Firenze, dan nanti dioleskan di Eropa seluruh. Di dunia Ilmu Pengetahuan, teologi, kesusasteraan, seni, Renaisans yang dimulai dengan re-penemuan orang Yunani dan bahasa Latin teks tidak membolehkan Bizantine Empire keluar dan di biara Eropa yang paling penting, yang menganjurkan rentetan studi dan penemuan baru yang terjadi di pengikut-pengikut abad.

Tetapi mengapa Renaisans sudah tiba tadi di Itali daripada di tempat lain. Ini beberapa sebab:

Sebab ekonomi Renaisans mulai di Itali karena di sini, terlebih dahulu atau lebih dari di tempat lain, sedang ada kondisi mendukung untuk memulai ekonomi kapitalistis. Selama abad-abad XIV dan XV, Itali ialah satu yang paling kaya dan memajukan country di dunia. Sebelum, pada abad XIII, kota Itali sudah membela dengan jaya memiliki kemerdekaan di perjuangan pada Kekaisaran Jerman. Di awal ‘400 Italy adalah terima kasih kaya raya sampai ekonomi marak berdasarkan monopoli atas perdagangan, di bank, atas milik uang, yang beredar di antara pengadilan. Kaum bangsawan dan borjuis mulai mecenetasim di mendahulukan sastra dan seniman ucapan yang mana pun, yang diminta di pengadilan berbeda dan itu dengan karya mereka menggerakkan hati kemajuan kebudayaan disamping kemajuan ekonomi, juga agar mengabsahkan yang satu ini.

Sejarah-politik berkeputusan Itali di dalam haid sejarah di yang mana pun mencoba menimbulkan Keadaan satu padu (sedikitnya di Itali pusat-utara) sudah jatuh; lima negara bagian daerah sudah memaksa ke semenanjung utuh keseimbangan politik lewat pembagian bidang pengaruh (Milan, Venice, Firenze, Roma dan Napoli).
The fragmentation of the Italian territory divided in small estates and governed by rich “Signorie” has made possible, paradoxically, a greater passion and motivation on the themes of historic and political researches (see Nicolò Macchiavelli with his book “Il Principe”), if compared to the other European States, united and pacified by long time.

A new cultural movement: Humanism
The Humanism is a cultural movement that establish itself in Italy in 1400. Humanism is a cultural movement that starts exactly because Italy had been cut off by the great process of the formation of the national States. Paradoxically enough, without having perception of it, the humanism takes the classic world as a model, whilst the bourgeois society of ‘400 was destined to decadency.

Religious reasons In clear contradiction with the teocentrical vision of the Middle Age, that still persisted in the rest of Europe, in Italy during the ‘400 started and developed itself a large multidisciplinary cultural movement (that studied fine arts, architecture, literature, history, politics, science, etc.)that wanted the rehabilitation of the man in the world: this was the passage from the centrality of the religious dogma to the centrality of the human being.
The Church and the Pope in Italy were put under discussion in that the temporary power was concerned, the Bible was no longer representing the book that supplies answers to the scientific researches and there was a new centrality of the “Homo” (Humanism), who wanted to break up with the power of the dogma and to count instead in the forces of reasoning and in the rationale of science for finding his answers. This movement in the beginning provoked polemics in other European nations.

Artistic reasons While in Italy the artists went back to the shape and taste of the classic art, with a strong desire to “break down” with the Middle Age and therefore there was a flourishing of new works in any field (for instance the study on the mathematical perspective and the work of Brunelleschi and Leonardo), in the rest of Europe it continued to dominate the medieval gothic style, that was abandoned very slowly and only thanks to the contribution of the Italian artists, that finally arrived also to the other European courts.

Conclusion
Weaknesses become strengths! Paradoxically, it is just a series of contradictions, i.e. the fact that there was in Italy at that time the need to overcome the medieval tradition and the local politics but there was not enough strength to realise a unified State, just this situation brought the Italian Renaissance to be a sort of continuous revolution, a challenge towards betterment in every field,

Finally, the Italian Renaissance is a movement that tends to overcome the Middle Age to connect directly with the Classic period, reviewed in a humanistic and rational way. Elsewhere in Europe the necessity of this “revolution” was not felt and there was instead a gradual evolution from the Middle Age whose characteristics continued to exist (a demonstration is the lasting of the gothic style in architecture). At the end this was overcome thanks to the same Italian artists and scientists when they went to work in the various European courts.

Today, we are not so far away from that situation, Italy is still recognised for being good at design, fashion, artistic manufacturing, ant it is really true: we still export our Rinascimento!