Perang - Perdamaian - Kemakmuran

Setelah perang, negara dilemparkan punggung 50 tahun. Pakistan juga di posisi sama setelah perang 1971. Masih itu ialah stabled dan maju dengan melompat dan meloncat di bawah pimpinan cemerlang Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Dia adalah sosok terkemuka abad kedua puluh. Dia membangkitkan kesetiaan jutaan orang di dalam Pakistan, di seberang dunia Muslim dan di Dunia Ketiga sebagai seorang pahlawan orang. Pimpinannya memberikan rasa bangga kepada pengikutnya, ke Bangsanya dan kepada orang yang dieksploitasi di mana-mana.

Bhutto ialah lambang Perbaikan dan Rekonstruksi. Bhutto tuan jangan risaukan Pabrik Baja pertama Pakistan, Pelabuhan kedua dan menugaskan Pakistan 's terlebih dulu hydro listrik membendung di sangat kuat Indus di Tarbela. Dia menjadi Pakistan self cukup di bidang pupuk, gula, dan semen. Dia menasionalisasikan Bank dan Perusahaan Asuransi Jiwa; dia juga menginisiasikan Pakistan’s Nuclear Program.

“Quaid E Awam” sebagai dia dipanggil, adalah anggota Lemari Kaca Federal yang paling muda di sejarah Pakistan pada umur sebanyak 29. Dia membentuk Perkembangan Gas dan Barang Tambang Perusahaan pada 1961 dan Kilang Minyak pertama Pakistan pada 1962 pada Karachi. Sebenarnya dia menemukan minyak di Pakistan dan menimbulkannya kepada Parlemen heran yang dikesankan dengan prestasi penting ini.

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto dibawa Januari di 5, 1928 di Larkana di Al Murtaza kepada Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto dan Lady Khursheed Bhutto. Dia adalah anak lelaki pertama mereka. Bhutto bertambah besar di Bombay (sekarang Mumbai), mendapat pendidikan lanjutannya di elite Doon School. Pada ketuaan 13 dia dinikahi kepada sepupunya, seorang ahli waris perempuan. Sebagai seorang mahasiswa, Bhutto menemui Mohammed Ali Jinnah, calon bapak pendiri Pakistan, dan mengambil bagian di gerak-gerik untuk menyekat India untuk membuat Pakistan sebagai negeri merdeka bagi orang Muslim India.

Bhutto mengurus Universitas California Selatan di Los Angeles dari 1947 sampai 1949 dan mendapat tingkat B.A. dari Universitas California di Berkeley pada 1950. Dia kemudian belajar undang-undang di Universitas Oxford, di Inggris, bekerja untuk mendapat seorang Menjagokan Sastra gelar pada 1953. Pada 1951, masih melewatkan seorang mahasiswa, Bhutto menikahkan Begum Nusrat Ispahani of Karachi, dengan yang dia mempunyai empat orang anak. (Bhutto sudah tidak mempunyai anak dengan istri pertamanya. ) Sesudah menyelesaikan studinya, Bhutto kembali ke Pakistan, yang sudah mendapatkan kemerdekaannya pada 1947, dan membentuk praktek hukum berhasil di Karachi.

Bhutto mempunyai pengalaman politik utama pertamanya sebagai seorang anggota perutusan kepada Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB), di mana dia menyapa Majelis Umum pada 1957 pada kerabat India-Pakistan. Dia juga mengetuai perutusan Pakistan sampai Konferensi pertama PBB mengenai Undang-undang Laut, yang dipegang di Jenewa, Swis, pada Maret 1958.

Bhutto membuat indelible mencetak di dunia himpunan olehnya inimitable ketrampilan oratoris di Majelis Umum United Nation dan Dewan Keamanan. Dia mempunyai pandangan untuk membuat hubungan strategis dengan Cina di waktu ketika terisolasi. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto percaya pada Politik Luar Negeri mandiri. Tentangannya sampai persetujuan Tashkent di antara India dan Pakistan menyebabkan pengunduran dirinya dari pemerintah.

Bhutto assumed positions of increasing responsibility in Ayub Khan’s government, culminating in his appointment as foreign minister in 1963. Bhutto restructured Pakistan’s political commitments to rely less heavily on the West and instead achieve nonaligned neutrality. As part of this policy, he forged closer ties with China. Bhutto pursued a strident anti-India campaign over the disputed territory of Kashmir, encouraging Ayub Khan to invade the region.

After the war of 1965 with India over Kashmīr ending with no gains Bhutto resigned from Ayub’s cabinet. He then began to publicly attack Pakistan’s military for mishandling the war. He also criticized the presence of continued restrictions on democratic institutions in Ayub Khan’s government. In 1967 Bhutto formed the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) to oppose Ayub Khan’s regime. He adopted a uniform similar to those worn by China’s Communist Party leaders and called for the introduction of "Islamic socialism" in Pakistan and the commencement of a "thousand year war" against India. Using the title "Leader of the People," Bhutto launched a nationwide tour, agitating against the military dictatorship. He was arrested in connection with these activities in November 1968 and detained for three months. The movement he helped unleash in West Pakistan (coextensive with the country’s current boundaries), in conjunction with agitation for greater autonomy taking place in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), forced the resignation of Ayub Khan in March 1969.

However after Yahya Khan resigned, and Bhutto was inaugurated as president and chief martial law administrator on December 20, 1971, the country took a U-turn and progressed very swiftly.
His was a period of macro economic stability and economic growth. Quaid e Awam's governance laid the foundations for a professional and middle class to emerge bridging the gap between the very rich and the very poor. Bhutto was a poet and a revolutionary who dedicated his life to the oppressed, suppressed masses, who waged a war against poverty and for human dignity, who stood by the poor and lived and died for them.

To redress the balance of power, he created the new institution of the Senate of Pakistan in which the provinces had equal representation. He turned Baluchistan from an agency into a province and gave it its own Baluchistan High Court so that the people did not have to trek to Karachi to get justice. He created the Council of Common Interest to give the provinces greater weight in the federal dispensation. He also created the Council of Islamic Ideology so that the definition of Islamic laws could be discussed with the best Islamic intellectuals and taken out of the hands of those who wished to achieve political ends by exploiting the name of religion to gain power. At the same time the Bhutto Constitution reiterated the basic principle of equality: "from each according to his ability to each according to his work".

Bhutto introduced socialist economic reforms while working to prevent any further division of the country. He nationalized Pakistan’s major industries, life insurance companies, and private schools and colleges. Plants were built by the government and additional public companies were created for various functions, such as the export of cotton and rice. Although still a major landholder, dubbed by his opponents the "Raja of Lārkāna," Bhutto enacted tax relief for the country’s poorest agricultural workers and placed ceilings on land ownership.

He also instituted land reforms that benefited tenants and middle-class farmers. Ceilings on the size of landholdings were lowered, tenants were given greater security of tenure, and measures were enacted to tax farm income. Bhutto also supported large, but inadequately planned, long-term projects that tied up the country's development resources for long periods. The largest projects were an integrated iron and steel plant, a major highway on the west bank of the Indus River, and a highway tunnel in the mountainous north. He removed the armed forces from the process of decision making, but to placate the generals he allocated about 6 percent of the gross national product to defense.

He countered secessionist movements in all of Pakistan's provinces, lifted martial law in 1972, and pushed through a new constitution in 1973 that recognized Islam as the national religion. Under the parliamentary system established by the new constitution, Bhutto became prime minister. Bhutto’s support for democratic processes was uneven. A popular leader, he engaged in meet-the-people tours that attracted huge crowds. However, he also repressed all disagreement by opposition parties in Pakistan’s National Assembly.

Bhutto built the foundations of education and industrialization in the country. By modernizing labor laws, he gave labor a greater incentive to work and contribute to the welfare of the country. He liberated the small farmers and peasants from the repression and cruelty of big landlords and banished the jagirdari and sardari system declaring that all citizens are born equal and must live with equal rights.

He built the most modern schools, colleges, universities, professional colleges, vocational training institutes including Quaid-e-Azam University, Allama Iqbal Open University, Chandka Medical College and many others. He built hospitals to take care of the sick and poor. He introduced peaceful nuclear energy to help treat cancer setting up the first cancer treating institutes in the four provinces of Pakistan. He built roads in the tribal areas and the Northern areas knowing how poor and oppressed people in the distant areas of Pakistan were. Internationally, using his experience as Foreign Minister, He hosted the Islamic Summit Conference in Lahore. It was at this conference that the Palestinian Liberation Organization was recognized as the authentic voice of the Muslims. He advocated closer relations with the Muslim countries arguing for a common economic bloc with banking and other financial institutions long before regional blocs became identified as the economic way forward. When Syria was attacked, the Quaid sent his fighter planes to defend the Golan heights declaring that the armies of Pakistan were the armies of Islam.

He built the Steel Mill, the Karakorum Highway, the Kamra Aeronautical Complex, the Ship building industry, the Nuclear Program and the Simla Agreement which stopped India and Pakistan going to war. More importantly he rebuilt the honor and respect of a Nation that had disintegrated under a previous military rule. He brought back 90,000 prisoners of war with honor from Indian military camps and without threatened military trials. He won back territory lost in the 1971 war and saved Pakistan from the threat of Indian General Manekshaw that residual Pakistan would be broken up too.

On the international front, Bhutto resumed implementation of his policy of nonaligned neutrality. He withdrew Pakistan from the British Commonwealth of Nations and from the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), sponsored by the United States. In July 1972 he negotiated the Simla Agreement, which confirmed a line of control dividing Kashmīr and prompted the withdrawal of Indian troops from Pakistani territory. To forge closer ties with the Islamic world, in 1974 Bhutto hosted the second meeting of the Organization of Islamic States in the city of Lahore. He used this forum to announce Pakistan’s official recognition of Bangladesh. To bolster Pakistan’s military defense capabilities, Bhutto laid the groundwork for a nuclear weapons program.

The Islamic Summit that was held in Lahore was attended by all the heads of Muslim states. Thus making Pakistan a center of Islamic Unity. To his credit are the Electrical Mechanical Complex at Wah, The Aeronautic Complex at Kamrah, The Kahuta Project for Nuclear Bomb. He made education upto Matric free, provided books free to the students, provided allowances to unemployed graduates and two increments to Science Graduates in their salaries, thousands of Government employees who were not confirmed for over 5 to 15 years were confirmed in their jobs. The system of part time government employees was changed to whole time government employees. First May was declared public holiday.

John F. Kennedy was right when he said "The essence of democracy, faith in the wisdom of the people and their views no matter how poor that wisdom is better than all the wisdom that a non-representative ruler arrogates to himself." Wisdom in other words is a function of a relationship between the rulers and the ruled. That relationship cannot be accomplished if there are physical as well as psychic barriers. Pakistan’s rulers excel in both. The law and order agencies are forever putting the fear of God in the leaders. Psychic barriers are function of the mind. And where the mind is locked you can imagine the difficulties being faced by the common man.

Half a century later this great leader was murdered at the age of fifty at the hands of cowards who feared him in life and then feared him from his grave. Although his life and career were cruelly terminated, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's name will forever shine in history as the proud son of a proud motherland who contributed to the liberation of the Third World from exploitation, discrimination and oppression. He gave hope, respect, dignity, honor to his Nation and to the Muslim Ummah because he believed in the Rule of Law, in a basic framework with which a Nation must live. He believed in freedom and in emancipation. Today more than ever, the principles for which he lived and died are needed to save Pakistan and the Muslim world from a dangerous scenario where cruel dictators degrade the nation by destroying institutions and plunging society into chaos, anarchy, violence, death and destruction.