Yogha, Pranayam dan Oksigen: Conception & Facts

Untuk mengerti Yogah di sekarang ilmiah skenario sangat esensial untuk membuktikan efek terapi Yogah di lampu modern ilmiah klinis pertandingan. Konsepsi biasa tentang teknik pernafasan adalah bahwa kami menghirup oksigen murni dan menghembuskan karbon dioksida murni sedangkan oksigen baik esensial maupun berbahaya sampai kehidupan. Penerbitan penelitian maksimum yang memandang efek yogah membicarakan lebih banyak tentang efek oksigen dengan menarik napas hanya. Untuk memberikan permulaan kepada penelitian kami esensial di sini untuk membicarakan beberapa fakta mengenai udara dan oksigen. Fakta adalah jumlah maksimum penyakit itu di sistem manusiawi disebabkan oleh molekul berikut oksigen sendiri.

Spesies oksigen yang dihasilkan di sel termasuk.

1. Peroksida hidrogen (H2O2), hypochlorous asam (HClO)
2. Hydroxyl radikal (•OH)
3. Super-oksida anion (O2−)

Di susunan udara atmosfer tanah di permukaan laut (udara kering) adalah % Nitrogen- 78,08, Oksigen-20,95 Argon- 0,93, Karbon Dioksida-0.03, Neon-0,0018, Helium-0,0005, Krypton- 0.0001,Xenon-0,00001.

Susunan udara yang kami hirup adalah nitrogen sebanyak sekitar 78%, oksigen sebanyak 21%, argon sebanyak 0,96% dan karbon dioksida sebanyak 0,04%, helium, air, dan lain gas. (% dengan volume). Susunan udara yang kami hembuskan adalah nitrogen sebanyak sekitar 78%, oksigen sebanyak 15% sampai 18%, karbon dioksida sebanyak 4% sampai 5% dan argon sebanyak 0,96% (% dengan volume).

Lebih dari itu uap dan gas sisa hadir: uap air sebanyak 5%, beberapa bagian sejuta (ppm) hidrogen dan karbon monoksida, 1 bagian sejuta (ppm) amonia dan kurang dari 1 ppm aseton, methanol, ethanol dan halaman tertutup organik yang mudah menguap lain.

Fakta adalah bahwa bukan sembarang oksigen yang dihirup diganti di samping karbon dioksida; sekitar 15% ke 18% apa yang kami hembuskan masih adalah oksigen. Jumlah persis oksigen dan karbon dioksida yang dihembuskan berubah-ubah menurut kemampuan, pengeluaran tenaga dan diet orang khusus itu. Juga ketergantungan kami atas jumlah oksigen ini yang relatif kecil bisa menyebabkan tentang aktivitas atau euforia di murni atau oksigen lingkungan kaya.

Menarik nafas, atau menarik napas, adalah biasanya gerak-gerik aktif, dengan kontraksi otot diafrakma diperlukan. Di tidur, mengeluarkan nafas, atau mengeluarkan napas, adalah biasanya proses pasif yang digerakkan oleh rekoil luwes dada, mirip balon berkurang. Organ berikut dipakai di pernapasan: mulut, hidung, kerongkongan, batang tenggorok, paru-paru, dan diafrakma. Pernafasan adalah hanya sebagian proses oksigen mengantarkan ke di mana diperlukan di badan. Proses gas bertukaran terjadi di alveolus oleh pasif difusi gas di antara gas alveolar dan meninggalnya darah oleh di pembuluh kapiler paru-paru. Satu kali di darah jantung menggerakkan aliran gas yang dilarutkan seputar badan di oplah. Sama baiknya dengan karbon dioksida, pernafasan juga adalah akibatnya di kehilangan air dari badan. Udara yang dihembuskan mempunyai kelembaban relatif sebanyak 100% karena air menyebarkan di seberang permukaan lembab bagian dan alveolus pernafasan.

Breathing is one of the few bodily functions which, within limits, can be controlled both consciously and unconsciously. In the state of conscious breathing can be controlled in commonly in many forms of meditation, whereas in the state of Unconscious, breathing is controlled by specialized centers in the brainstem, which automatically regulate the rate and depth of breathing depending on the body’s needs at any time. When carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood, it reacts with the water in blood, producing carbonic acid. Excess expression of Lactic acid is produced by anaerobic exercise which also lowers down the blood pH. The drop in the blood's pH( detectable limit is 0.1 ) stimulates chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies in the blood system to send nerve impulses to the respiration centre in the medulla oblongata and pons in the CNS.
These, in turn send nerve impulses through the phrenic and thoracic nerves to the diaphragm and the intercostals muscles, increasing the rate of breathing. The system adopted by the human system for controlling the levels of O2 is called oxygen buffering and for controlling the levels of CO2 and excitation of reparatory centers.

Oxygen is both essential and harmful to life. In the process of biological oxidation 4% to 5% of the oxygen consumed in cellular respiration is not reduced to water .The phenomenon with involves in cellular respiration which produces the energy to the system is in a two way i.e. either by glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation. (1) We proved the fact that energy substrate availability could play an important role in this phenomenon. It is true that oxygen is the most critical nutrient of life, and it is also the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS).One of the most common known internal damaged caused by reactive oxygen species is oxidative stress. The human system will begin to disorganize and die after several minutes without oxygen. This automatic control of respiration can be impaired by drugs or disease.

During physical exercise, the level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases due to increased cellular respiration by the muscles, which activates carotid and aortic bodies and the respiration center, which ultimately cause a higher rate of respiration.

During rest, the level of carbon dioxide is lower, so breathing rate is lower. This ensures an appropriate amount of oxygen is delivered to the muscles and other organs. It is important to reiterate that it is the buildup of carbon dioxide making the blood acidic that elicits the desperation for a breath much more than lack of oxygen.Interaction Free radicals are also produced inside (and also released towards the cytosol) organelles, such as the mitochondrion. Mitochondria convert energy for the cell into a usable form, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

The process in which ATP is produced, called oxidative phosphorylation, involves the transport of protons (hydrogen ions) across the inner mitochondrial membrane by means of the electron transport chain. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed through a series of proteins via oxidation-reduction reactions, with each acceptor protein along the chain having a greater reduction potential than the last. The last destination for an electron along this chain is an oxygen molecule. Normally the oxygen is reduced to produce water; however, in about 1-2% of all cases, the oxygen is instead reduced to give the superoxide radical, •O2-. Superoxide needs an additional electron to make it more stable, so it steals an electron from the nearest source, such as: mitochondrial DNA, the mitochondrial membrane (called lipid peroxidation), or from protein, or from reductants such as Vitamins C or E, or, from non enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione or thioredoxin. If too much damage is caused to its mitochondria, a cell undergoes apoptosis or programmed cell death. Hyperventilating causes a drop in CO2 below normal levels, lowering blood acidity to trick the brain into thinking it has more oxygen than is actually present. Hyperventilating can cause your blood oxygen levels to go to dangerous.Recently, large numbers of Americans are practicing yogah for its proposed health benefits.

Some health professionals are referring their patients to yogaha teachers for help in managing a variety of stress-related ailments. Yogaha is regarded as a holistic approach to health that not only increases flexibility, strength, and stamina but also fosters self-awareness, emotional stability, and peace of mind. Yogaha has become a household word in the West. Millions of men and women read books about yogaha, attend classes or seminars, and do the physical exercises for which yogaha is famous. Many have tried meditation or some other form of yogaha on a regular basis. Clearly, yogaha is alive in Western society today. We have achieved the hypoxic conditions (1.5% O2, 93.5% N2, and 5% CO2 or 0.3% O2, 94.7% N2, and 5% CO2) humidified variable aerobic workstation for our experiments. Patanjali Yogah Peeth has undertaken this challenge to reveals the mystery of mode of action of Yogah on various diseases along with the effect on various system of body.

References
1.Ramey CA, Ramey DN, Hayward JS. Dive response of children in relation to cold-water near drowning. J Appl Physiol 2001;62(2):665-8.Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002).Adapted from Victoria E. McMillan (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001).
2.Parkes M (2006). "Breath-holding and its breakpoint.". Exp Physiol 91 (1): 1-15.